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The Raelian Movement
for those who are not afraid of the future : http://www.rael.org
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The Raelian Movement
for those who are not afraid of the future : http://www.rael.org
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
http://www.mcgill.ca/catch/about-catch
http://www.mcgill.ca/catch/about-hpv
http://www.mcgill.ca/catch/carrageenan
Carrageenan
Laboratory evidence suggests that Carrageenan (an inexpensive gelling
agent that is non-toxic and safe in animals and humans) is a potent
HPV infection inhibitor. Inhibition occurred against all high and low
oncogenic risk HPV types. Recently, carrageenan was shown to inhibit
genital transmission of HPV in mice and in monkeys. Other than
vaccination, which confers partial protection and whose immunity
benefits may wane, there is no other intervention against HPV
infection. Furthermore, screening generates very high costs to society
because of the need to manage and treat all precancerous lesions that
are found and the fertility problems that occur post-treatment. As a
primary prevention approach, a carrageenan-based strategy would
minimize these negative public health consequences of screening.
Carrageenan has the desirable properties of efficacy and safety that
could make it one of the most effective strategies against genital HPV
infection and associated diseases.
Scientific basis for studying Carrageenan
Carrageenan is an anionic polymer that is naturally derived from three
species of red algae. It has a long history of human use and has been
employed extensively in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics
industries as stabilizer and emulsifier. Three major chains of
Carrageenans exist: iota, lambda and kappa. All act as extremely
potent HPV inhibitors. The principal mechanism by which Carrageenan
blocks HPV infection is via the direct binding of Carrageenan to the
viral capsid thus blocking its attachment to cell-surface Heparan
Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPG) acting as cell receptors. This blockage
seems to last long enough to allow natural inactivation of the
pathogens by the normal innate defences within the genital tract. In
addition to blocking the initial interaction between HPV virions and
HSPGs, laboratory studies show that Carrageenan also exerts a second
HSPG-independent inhibitory effect via occlusion of virion surfaces
involved in binding to cellular proteins involved in the infectious
process; or alternately, by interference with the development of
needed conformational changes within the virion. Additionally, in
vitro studies have shown that HPV capsids bind to sperm cells at two
distinct sites along the sperm head, suggesting that this may promote
dispersal and mucosal penetration of HPV in the female genital tract.
Carrageenan also blocks this binding. The existence of more than one
inhibition mechanism increases the likelihood that Carrageenan might
ultimately be effective as a topical microbicide against HPVs.
About the CATCH Study
The main objectives of this study are:
To evaluate the effectiveness of Carrageenan in preventing new HPV
infections, in young sexually active women.
To evaluate the effectiveness of Carrageenan in accelerating
clearance of existing HPV infections, in young sexually active women.
CATCH is a randomized controlled trial consisting of an intervention
group and a control group.
Intervention: Treatment with Carrageenan-containing vaginal gel,
self-applied every other day (whether or not participants have
intercourse) for the first month and prior to each act of vaginal
intercourse during the entire study period.
Control: Treatment with placebo vaginal gel that does not contain
Carrageenan (applied as described above).
About HPV
Human Papillomavirus, or HPV, is a virus that infects the skin
and genital area. More than 120 types of HPV have been identified.
Some infect the skin and can produce warts, some infect the genital
area and can produce genital warts, and some infect the genital area
and can lead to cancer of the cervix, the opening of the uterus. HPV
can also cause cancers of the vagina or vulva (women), anus, mouth and
throat.
Most sexually active women will acquire HPV infection over a lifetime.
Cervical HPV infection is detected in 5%-40% of asymptomatic women of
reproductive age. The vast majority of these infections will clear
shortly on their own. A substantial increase in risk of high-grade
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cervical pre-cancer) exists for
women with long-term persistent infection with oncogenic HPV types.
The most common oncogenic HPV types are 16 and 18.
Currently, vaccination is the primary method of preventing HPV
infection. However, it only targets up to 4 HPV types and it only
prevents infection among individuals who have never been exposed.
http://www.mcgill.ca/catch/about-hpv
http://www.mcgill.ca/catch/carrageenan
Carrageenan
Laboratory evidence suggests that Carrageenan (an inexpensive gelling
agent that is non-toxic and safe in animals and humans) is a potent
HPV infection inhibitor. Inhibition occurred against all high and low
oncogenic risk HPV types. Recently, carrageenan was shown to inhibit
genital transmission of HPV in mice and in monkeys. Other than
vaccination, which confers partial protection and whose immunity
benefits may wane, there is no other intervention against HPV
infection. Furthermore, screening generates very high costs to society
because of the need to manage and treat all precancerous lesions that
are found and the fertility problems that occur post-treatment. As a
primary prevention approach, a carrageenan-based strategy would
minimize these negative public health consequences of screening.
Carrageenan has the desirable properties of efficacy and safety that
could make it one of the most effective strategies against genital HPV
infection and associated diseases.
Scientific basis for studying Carrageenan
Carrageenan is an anionic polymer that is naturally derived from three
species of red algae. It has a long history of human use and has been
employed extensively in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics
industries as stabilizer and emulsifier. Three major chains of
Carrageenans exist: iota, lambda and kappa. All act as extremely
potent HPV inhibitors. The principal mechanism by which Carrageenan
blocks HPV infection is via the direct binding of Carrageenan to the
viral capsid thus blocking its attachment to cell-surface Heparan
Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPG) acting as cell receptors. This blockage
seems to last long enough to allow natural inactivation of the
pathogens by the normal innate defences within the genital tract. In
addition to blocking the initial interaction between HPV virions and
HSPGs, laboratory studies show that Carrageenan also exerts a second
HSPG-independent inhibitory effect via occlusion of virion surfaces
involved in binding to cellular proteins involved in the infectious
process; or alternately, by interference with the development of
needed conformational changes within the virion. Additionally, in
vitro studies have shown that HPV capsids bind to sperm cells at two
distinct sites along the sperm head, suggesting that this may promote
dispersal and mucosal penetration of HPV in the female genital tract.
Carrageenan also blocks this binding. The existence of more than one
inhibition mechanism increases the likelihood that Carrageenan might
ultimately be effective as a topical microbicide against HPVs.
About the CATCH Study
The main objectives of this study are:
To evaluate the effectiveness of Carrageenan in preventing new HPV
infections, in young sexually active women.
To evaluate the effectiveness of Carrageenan in accelerating
clearance of existing HPV infections, in young sexually active women.
CATCH is a randomized controlled trial consisting of an intervention
group and a control group.
Intervention: Treatment with Carrageenan-containing vaginal gel,
self-applied every other day (whether or not participants have
intercourse) for the first month and prior to each act of vaginal
intercourse during the entire study period.
Control: Treatment with placebo vaginal gel that does not contain
Carrageenan (applied as described above).
About HPV
Human Papillomavirus, or HPV, is a virus that infects the skin
and genital area. More than 120 types of HPV have been identified.
Some infect the skin and can produce warts, some infect the genital
area and can produce genital warts, and some infect the genital area
and can lead to cancer of the cervix, the opening of the uterus. HPV
can also cause cancers of the vagina or vulva (women), anus, mouth and
throat.
Most sexually active women will acquire HPV infection over a lifetime.
Cervical HPV infection is detected in 5%-40% of asymptomatic women of
reproductive age. The vast majority of these infections will clear
shortly on their own. A substantial increase in risk of high-grade
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cervical pre-cancer) exists for
women with long-term persistent infection with oncogenic HPV types.
The most common oncogenic HPV types are 16 and 18.
Currently, vaccination is the primary method of preventing HPV
infection. However, it only targets up to 4 HPV types and it only
prevents infection among individuals who have never been exposed.
--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Ethics" is simply a last-gasp attempt by deist conservatives and
orthodox dogmatics to keep humanity in ignorance and obscurantism,
through the well tried fermentation of fear, the fear of science and
new technologies.
There is nothing glorious about what our ancestors call history,
it is simply a succession of mistakes, intolerances and violations.
On the contrary, let us embrace Science and the new technologies
unfettered, for it is these which will liberate mankind from the
myth of god, and free us from our age old fears, from disease,
death and the sweat of labour.
Rael
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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